Series of rare cases of breast tumour: 8-year review at mankweng Breast Oncology clinic, Limpopo, South Africa

Breast cancer remains the most common cancer in many parts of the world, particularly for women. In March 2015, a Breast Oncology clinic for breast cancer patients was established at Mankweng Hospital. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common (87 %) tumour found in Limpopo, and occasionally, another rare tumour of the breast is presented in the Breast Oncology clinic. The aim: The main objective is to share the experience of a rare tumour of the breast came across over the past 8 years since the establishment of the Breast Oncology clinic. Material and Method: Series of rare case reports of Breast tumours and literature review from the Mankweng Breast Oncology Clinic. Result: Rare tumour encountered in Breast Oncology clinic: adenomyoepithelioma, micro-papillary carcinoma of the breast, primary malignant melanoma of the breast, primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the bilateral breast, advanced breast cancer in a case of Down's syndrome, primary neuroendocrine invasive breast carcinoma, sarcoma of the breast. Conclusions: Most of these rare cases are presented to the Breast Oncology clinic in the advanced stage. Breast cancer awareness campaign is highly important for women in Limpopo, particularly when attending primary health care for any other conditions

Factors influencing of professional nurse resignation from Mankwneg Academic Hospital, Limpopo, South Africa

Professional nurses are registered nurses who provide comprehensive nursing treatment and care to patients at various levels of health care. Intentions to quit a job are frequently associated with employee motivation and job satisfaction factors. It has been observed that some of the health professional nurses are quitting Mankweng academic hospital more frequently and which is affecting the service delivery. There is no research done regarding the turnover of the Professional nurse from this institution. The aim: The main objective of the study is to figure out what factors concern Professional nurses to quit Mankweng Hospital. Material & methods: The study was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive quantitative design to analyze the profile of all Professional nurses who quit Mankweng Academic Hospital for 5 years from January 2018 to December 2022. Result: A total of 47 professional nurses resigned over 5 years from different departments. Lack of promotions (34 %) was the key reason which made professional nurses quit their job at Mankweng Hospital. Poor working conditions (12.8 %) and work-related stress (12.8 %) are other important reasons for resigning. Conclusions: Lacks of promotions, poor working conditions, and work-related stress are important factors responsible for quitting jobs. Increased staffing, employee support, and enhanced promotion are vital to address to retain the employe

Profile and pattern of histology specimen of thyroidectomy patients operated in Mankweng hospital, Limpopo province, South Africa

Object of study: To evaluate the histopathologic pattern of the thyroidectomy specimen in patients with goitre who underwent thyroidectomy operation at Mankweng Hospital and to review the profile of thyroid disease in relation to the age, gender & Distribution of thyroid disease which are referred to Mankweng hospital from the districts of Limpopo Province. The problem to be solved: The demographic profile of thyroidectomy patients in this hospital is identified. Hence outreach program can be initiated according to demographic profile. Main scientific results: Total of 62 patients analyzed: Male 2, female 60. Age range 15-70: District: Capricorn 23, Sekhukhune 33, Mopani 6. Histology: 62: Multinodular goitre 47, Papillary carcinoma 5: Hurtle cell carcinoma 3, colloid goitre 2, Diffuse colloid goitre 1, Cavernous haemangioma 1, follicular neoplasm 1, Hashimoto`s Thyroiditis 1, benign thyroid parenchyma with cyst 1 The area of practical use of research results: General surgery department in Regional & Tertiary hospital An innovative technological product: Patient demographic profile for health outreach program. Scope of application of an innovative technological product: General surgery department

Primary tuberculosis of the breast from mankweng hospital

Object of study: To share our experience with a rare case of Primary Tuberculosis of Breast. The problem to be solved: Tuberculosis of the breast is a rare type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and usually affects young lactating multiparous women. It accounts for less than 0.1 % of all breast pathologies. Tuberculosis of the breast is often misdiagnosed. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is needed when evaluating cases of breast abscesses, fistulae, or mass. Main scientific results: A case of a 27-year-old female with no known co-morbidities, HIV negative who presented to our Surgical Outpatient Department with a 1-year history of a painless left breast lump. No previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis was reported. Breasts ultrasonography indicated BIRADS (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System) V: lesion highly suspicious of malignancy. Histopathological analysis of the core biopsy showed features of a necrotizing granulomatous mastitis with adjacent fat necrosis. Ziehl-Neelsen stain was negative though histological results were worrisome of a mycobacterial infection. Patient responded well to antitubercular therapy as evidenced by lump regression, ulceration healed, peau d’orage currently resolved, and the overall size of the breast is going back to its normal state. The area of practical use of research results: Family medicine physicians, Primary health care center, District level or regional level hospital. An innovative technological product: a high index of suspicion tuberculosis is needed when evaluating cases of breast abscesses, fistulae, or mass. Awareness of this condition is important as it can clinically, and radiologically mimic breast carcinoma. Scope of application of an innovative technological product: Family medicine physicians, Primary health care center

Drug utilization study of antihypertensive drugs used in the treatment of second and third trimester of pregnancy in tertiary care hospital

Background: Hypertensive disorders are major cause of the perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Aim of study was to evaluate current trend of antihypertensive drugs and to assess frequency and distribution of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for period of six months in collaboration with department of obstetrics and gynaecology. Patients data recorded in case report form and analysed to study prescription pattern and related information.Results: Total of 104 cases were enrolled in this study. Prescribed antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy were Labetalol, Nifedipine, MgSO4 and furosemide. Most commonly prescribed drug was labetalol. In this study, Gestational hypertension was most common diagnosis in hypertensive disorder. Majority of drug prescribed from category C and A. In present study, Single drug therapy was most commonly prescribed for hypertension in pregnancy was 64.42% whereas multiple drug therapy was 35.57%. Most common maternal complication was anaemia i.e. 54.05% followed by placental abruption in 24.3%. Neonatal outcome was low birth weight i.e.36% followed by preterm birth i.e.24%.Conclusions: Labetalol found to be most common prescribed drug. Single drug therapy prescription was high as compared to multiple drug therapy prescription in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Gestational hypertension was most common cause of hypertensive disorder. Anaemia was found to be most common maternal complication encountered in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Most common adverse neonatal outcome was low birth weight

Self-Navigation Car using Reinforcement Learning

In this paper, a project is described which is a 2-D modelled version of a car that will learn how to drive itself. It will have to figure everything out on its own. In addition, to achieve that the simulator contains a car running simultaneously &can be controlled by different control algorithms - heuristic, reinforcement learning-based, etc. For each dynamic input, the Reinforcement- Learning modifies new patterns. Ultimately, Reinforcement Learning helps in maximizing the reward from every state. In this first Part, we will implement a Reinforcement-Learning model to build an AI for Self Driving Car. Project will be focusing on the brain of the car not any graphics. The car will detect obstacles and take basic actions. To make autonomous car or self-driving car a reality, some of the factors to be considered are human safety and quality of life

Copeptin Levels Remain Unchanged during the Menstrual Cycle.

BACKGROUND: Copeptin, a surrogate marker for arginin vasopressin production, is evaluated as an osmo-dependent stress and inflammatory biomarker in different diseases. We investigated copeptin during the menstrual cycle and its relationship to sex hormones, markers of subclinical inflammation and estimates of body fluid. METHODS: In 15 healthy women with regular menstrual cycles, blood was drawn on fifteen defined days of their menstrual cycle and was assayed for copeptin, progesterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and procalcitonin. Symptoms of fluid retention were assessed on each visit, and bio impedance analysis was measured thrice to estimate body fluid changes. Mixed linear model analysis was performed to assess the changes of copeptin across the menstrual cycle and the relationship of sex hormones, markers of subclinical inflammation and estimates of body fluid with copeptin. RESULTS: Copeptin levels did not significantly change during the menstrual cycle (p = 0.16). Throughout the menstrual cycle, changes in estradiol (p = 0.002) and in the physical premenstrual symptom score (p = 0.01) were positively related to copeptin, but changes in other sex hormones, in markers of subclinical inflammation or in bio impedance analysis-estimated body fluid were not (all p = ns). CONCLUSION: Although changes in estradiol and the physical premenstrual symptom score appear to be related to copeptin changes, copeptin does not significantly change during the menstrual cycle

CloudIntell: An intelligent malware detection system

YesEnterprises and individual users heavily rely on the abilities of antiviruses and other security mechanisms. However, the methodologies used by such software are not enough to detect and prevent most of the malicious activities and also consume a huge amount of resources of the host machine for their regular oper- ations. In this paper, we propose a combination of machine learning techniques applied on a rich set of features extracted from a large dataset of benign and malicious les through a bespoke feature extraction tool. We extracted a rich set of features from each le and applied support vector machine, decision tree, and boosting on decision tree to get the highest possible detection rate. We also introduce a cloud-based scalable architecture hosted on Amazon web services to cater the needs of detection methodology. We tested our methodology against di erent scenarios and generated high achieving results with lowest energy con- sumption of the host machine

Chitosan biopolymer improves the fruit quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

Chitosan (CHT) is a natural compound that has been used to control postharvest pathogenic diseases due to its capability of eliciting natural defense responses in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar CHT application on yield and quality of the litchi fruit. Chitosan was applied by spraying on to fruit and foliage just after fruit set four times at 7-day intervals with four varying doses viz. 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg L−1 and a control (0 µg L−1). Although the application of CHT had no significant effect on the size of the fruits (length and width), the total contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid and the antioxidant activity of litchi fruit arils were significantly increased in CHT-treated fruit compared with the untreated control. The highest phenolic, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid contents were 334 µg gallic acid g−1, 881 μg quercetin g−1, and 178 µg g−1, respectively, in fruits treated with 500 µg L−1 CHT. However, the highest antioxidant activity (622 μg butylated hydroxytoluene g−1) was recorded in 250 µg L−1 CHT-treated fruits. Our findings revealed that the application of low doses of CHT in a litchi orchard might improve fruit quality by increasing the content of antioxidants and antioxidant activities

Race and sex: teachers' views on who gets ahead in schools?

The research reported here was part of a large study of the impact of age, disability, race and sex on the teaching profession in England. The basic question asked in this research was how do these factors interact with career aspirations and achievements of classteachers, promoted teachers and headteachers? There were three different data sources: a large postal survey drawn from diverse geographic regions across England with over 2000 respondents; face‐to‐face individual interviews with over 100 teachers in 18 case study schools from across all of the main regions of England; discussions with special interest groups of teachers. Not surprisingly, the answer to the above question was complex. Nonetheless, the paper's conclusion highlights some of the noteworthy themes across this broad sample of teachers from primary, secondary and special schools